Maternal Mortality Situations, Policies and Programs

Maternal Mortality Situations, Policies and Programs Scenario Differences Maternal mortality is responsible for over 514,000 women’s lives every year. Almost all of these lives can be saved in case an affordable, high quality obstetrics care is made available 24 hours a day, every week.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maternal Mortality: Situations, Policies and Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of these deaths are as a result of hemorrhages, sepsis (infection), eclampsia, obstructed labor, and unsafe abortion (Lobis, Fry Paxton 204). There are also other indirect causes of deaths which included anemia, malaria and even HIV. For this reason, there is the need to have a system that can address these issues. There are basic EmOC facilities that perform critical services to clients without the need for operations. They offer intra venous antibiotics, IV and IM oxytoxis, anticonvulsants, assisted delivery, cleaning of retained products and removal of t he placenta (Lobis et al 204). The recommendations of the UN and World Health Organization are that there should be at least four basic facilities for 500,000 people and at least one comprehensive Emergency Obstetric care (EmOC) for the same population size. The comprehensive EmOC is a facility that needs an operating theatre and this is basically done in major district hospitals (Lobis et al 204). EmOC is described as a set of health services that are lifesaving and needs to be available in health facilities to react to emergencies that come about during pregnancy, time of delivery an even at the period of postpartum (Nirupam Yuster 79).. The situation in Palmatia is almost similar to that in my home country, the United States. However, this seems to have very little facilities for the population in question. There are process indicators that are used for assessing the EmOC, especially the maternal mortality. These indicators are critical for planning and there needs to be actions taken to enable reduction of maternal deaths (Lobis et al 204). Palmatia in scenario 3 is a good choice as it highlights the situation that can be compared to the position in the United States. The process indicators as set by the United States are that;Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Availability of EmOC show that there are 3003 comprehensive EmOC facilities and that the basic EmOC form 92.2% (Nirupam Yuster 79). The United States has a population of over 291 million inhabitants and according to the UN standards the country is doing better as it has over 3000 basic facilities against the required 2259. It should also have at least over 568 comprehensive emergency obstetric services. That number is far much higher than the recommended number (Lobis et al 205). On the other hand, the Palmatia statistics basic care for the emergency case of delivery for a population of 950,000 people. This is above the recommended four facilities for 500,000 people. There are three comprehensive EmOC facilities for the 950,000 people which are a greater progress against the recommended one facility for 500,000 people (Nirupam and Yuster 79). On strict investigation, research has shown that the United States does not meet the required standards or number of facilities that can be categorized as basic EmOC. This is because according to the above functions. Many of the so called basics EmOC facilities do not actually offer all of the six services identified above. Most of the birth centers handle the normal maternal services like normal deliveries and most of the complications that need specialized services are usually referred to major hospitals (Bailey and Paxton 300). By reconfiguring the statistics of basic and emergency EmOC centers, the US has at least 10% more maternal care facilities than the recommendations by the UN. Whereas, the US has enough EmOC facil ities in general, the position is so different at the state level (Bailey and Paxton 300). It’s estimated that about thirty one percent of these individual states including the District of Columbia do not meet the required minimum number of the EmOC facilities as recommended by the UN standards.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maternal Mortality: Situations, Policies and Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there are cases of very larger hospitals that serve even more women that two smaller obstetrics centers (Bailey Paxton 300). It is expected that 92.2 percent of the births in the US are expected to be in the EmOC facilities while the rest only take place in freestanding birth centers, in doctors’ offices and also at home (Lobis et al 206). The meet need for the emergency obstetric care unlike Palmatia which is at 65%, the US has about 98.8%, almost every woman are expected to suffer s ome form of complication in obstetrics. The most common type of complication that is usually treated includes obstructed labor, prolonged pains and excessive bleeding. It’s also estimated that about 21 women have caesarian section and this is beyond the usually range of 5 to 15 % of the expected deliveries (Bailey and Paxton 301). The deaths as a result of direct obstetric complication are about 0.06% in the facilities. This is at least lower than the acceptable mortalities of 1% as recommended by the UN guidelines. The common cause of the deaths is chiefly in puerperium and then followed by complicated conditions of eclampsia (Nirupam and Yuster 83). The United Nations indicators are used for examining the availability, usability and the quality of the emergency obstetrics services in developing nations where maternal deaths are very high. Studies have shown that the counties that have less coverage of the emergency obstetrics services also have very poor maternal care (Niru pam and Yuster 83). However for Palmatia in scenario three of module two and home country, the US, this situation is better addressed as the EmOC facilities are above the recommended number by the UN. Access to emergency services is excellent in the US and a greater Majority of women give birth in well equipped hospitals where they receive the best obstetrics treatment (Nirupam and Yuster 843). However, getting the statistics on the real people who can access the EmOC could be very hard. For instance, women living in the rural areas could find access limited. Insurance can also affect access though it is should not (Bailey and Paxton 302).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another critical data is the conservative delivery culture that has developed in America is the increasing cesarean section delivery. Several groups have expressed their concern for this. Palmatia has about 12% while the US has 21%. This difference can be attributed to cultural difference. Policies that could Hinder EmOC If the EmOC can be able to reduce deaths due to pregnancy complications and delivery at a substantial amount, then women that need prompt medical access due to the complications need to be able to access EmOC (Bailey and Paxton 303). In order to reduce the maternal deaths in this manner, the US government placed much emphasis on the implementation of care for women so that they can access the best quality of EmOC (Bailey and Paxton 305). This includes upgrading health facilities to offer basic care and also the comprehensive obstetric care. Renovations and maintenance of the facilities and also supplying equipment is greatly supported. The government also offer trai ning to practitioners on how to manage complicated cases of maternal conditions (Callaghan and Berg 132). However despite the efforts of government to have the best services, there are some policies that are hindering access to EmOC. Considering that there is greater understanding of the need for preventing maternal mortality, it’s critical to address the policies that hinder this access (Callaghan and Berg 132). There are some health policies that are a barrier to the access and they include the following: Obstetrics done only by obstetricians: only the postgraduate obstetricians are allowed carry out the caesarean section or some abdominal surgical processes. Basic doctors are not usually allowed to do offer such services even in emergency cases. In the states where the EmOC does not meet the recommend numbers, it is very hard to offer these services when much the population is very high (Callaghan and Berg 135). Anesthesia conducted only by Anesthetists: there are few ane sthetists in some states especially those that do not meet UN standards of EmOC. This therefore means that the populations in such areas will only have about 1 to 5 qualified practitioners in anesthesia. The anesthesia policy that nurses cannot be anesthetists and only doctors are allowed, though lately there is some training for the nurses to become nurse anesthetists (Callaghan and Berg 135). This has brought fears on the quality of care that can be accessed. At some point, there can be doctors and surgeons but no qualified anesthetist hence major surgeries will have to be referred to other higher level hospitals (Callaghan and Berg 136). Giving anesthesia has very restrictive policy just for the sake of safety of the patient. Recognition of Specialist: some US individual states have some criteria of acknowledging medical experts (Nirupam and Yuster 82). Some require that the medical practitioners have to have worked for at least 5 to 10 years to be recognized as specialists in va rious fields. Due to such regulations, doctors with qualifications as specialists can only work in some district hospitals but not to offer specialist services (Callaghan Berg 137). Access to Blood: anemia is a very common symptom in pregnant women and about 52% of the women suffer anemia. From the statistics about maternal deaths, it has been found that anemia was responsible for about 14 – 24% mortalities while excessive bleeding is responsible for 16 – 26%. Access to blood becomes a problem because of the blood banking mistakes. There is also a problem of screening the blood and the government has in place utopian regulations to license blood banks (Callaghan and Berg 138). Though this was done to safeguard the interests of the public, screening for hepatitis or HIV has been already addressed well enough. It has been stated in the US that the reason why such polices exists is mainly because of the fact that the policy makers are in most cases nontechnical people, h ence cannot address the matters of emergency care in a proper manner as it happens in real practice (Callaghan and Berg 138). Design of Effective Programs There are currently set programs that are devoted to taking care of the emergency situations on obstetrics. The community is expected to be in an state of preparedness so that they can provide better EmOC (Nirupam and Yuster 85). There are an increasing number of these types of programs founded on the three Delays Model. The three delays model is a construct that helps to explain the way the social factors bring about maternal mortalities. This helps in policy making and to target the resources and intervention and stoppage maternal deaths (Nirupam and Yuster 87). In some cases, mothers who die during child delivery are said to have gone through the following delays; Delayed decision on seeking care (UNFPA 9) Delayed access to adequate care (UNFPA 9) Delayed receipt of care at the healthcare facilities Deciding to seek for medic al care when one is experiencing an complicated obstetric problem can be delayed and this has been a very big problem in offering obstetric services (UNFPA 9). There are several reasons why this takes place, including fear of the expenses, fear of the healthcare facilities process, poor decision making ability, and late realization of the problem (UNFPA 9). The government should set polices that communicate to the people concerning the need to seek assistance early enough in case they observe some unusually symptoms. The cost should be subsidized for obstetrics. Delay to reach the facility: after a decision is made, reaching the births center or hospital can be a problem. Transport is usually a factor due to traffic of lack of ambulance to fetch patients (UNFPA 10). Some communities have tried to deal with this including organizing prepaid transport or community transport to healthcare facilities. The policies makers should design a system to have ambulance services on call to help fetch patient and offer first aid assistance before specialist can do their job (UNFPA 10). Delay to get proper services: this is considered the most tragic incidence of maternal deaths incidences. In most cases, women will wait for long hours for specialist services because of staff problems and issues, prepayment policies or hardships in finding blood, proper equipment or a surgical theater (UNFPA 10). In designing a better system of care, this is the easiest huddle to deal with since most of the social, cultural and economical obstacles have been faced and done with (UNFPA 10). Therefore equipping heath facilities is of major importance and designing polices to address the first two delays would make no sense if the medical facilities are not adequately equipped. Bailey, Partrick, and Paxton, Arnold. Program Note: Using UN Process Indicators To Assess Needs In Emergency Obstetric Services. Int J Gynecol Obstet, 2.76(2002): 299- 305. Callaghan, Martin and Berg, Jerrad. Maternal M ortality Surveillance In The United States: Moving Into The Twenty-First Century. JAMWA, 57.3(2002): 131- 5. Lobis, Smith, Fry, Dendan and Paxton, Arnold. Program Note: Applying the UN Process Indicators for Emergency Obstetric Care to the United States. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 88(2005): 203 207. Nirupam, Sikhlar and Yuster, Ashvin. Emergency obstetric care: Measuring availability and monitoring progress. In: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 50. 2(1995): 79- 88. UNFPA. Maternal Mortality Update 2002: A Focus on Emergency Obstetric Care, 2002: 23 -36.

At the End of the Day

At the End of the Day At the End of the Day At the End of the Day By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked me to â€Å"shed some light† on the expression â€Å"at the end of the day†: I know it means after everything has been taken into consideration and it is an integral part of our everyday vocabulary but some of my colleagues seem to find it inappropriate in its function. Could you please help me understand this better? Clichà ©d expressions are a part of our everyday vocabulary, but some clichà ©s are more annoying than others. Most of us have no problem with the occasional â€Å"hard as a rock,† â€Å"old as dirt† or â€Å"crazy as a betsy/bessie bug.† These are venerable expressions that can convey just the tone we are aiming for. They blend unobtrusively into our speech because they add a specific meaning in a way that suits a certain style of speaking. Unlike idioms that are used conversationally among friends, newly fashionable clichà ©s find their way into print, in everything from speeches on foreign policy to product reviews. A â€Å"good† clichà © is one that does its job without irritating. A â€Å"bad† clichà © calls attention to itself. â€Å"At the end of the day† is a bad clichà ©. It’s bad because it’s wordy, it’s overused, and it has a common literal meaning. The following passages indicate the ubiquity of this phrase’s figurative use: Palestinians need to know that at the end of the day, their territory is going to be free of Israeli troops, that occupation ends.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œJohn Kerry, US Secretary of State, 2014. But, at the end of the day, presidents get elected to enact change. –Mark McKinnon, American political advisor. Im not suggesting that people go into space in a pedestrian way but at the end of the day, shes fighting for what every woman would fight for, and thats her baby. –Jay Bobbin, movie reviewer. At the end of the day, the owners are all about the business side of things. –Steven Lebron, sports writer. At the end of the day, I don’t think wanting education to be better is a right-wing or left-wing thing.† –Bill Gates, education reformer. But you know when you put lipstick on a pig, at the end of the day, its still a pig. –John Edwards, political candidate in 2004. but at the end of the day, your choice [of smart phone] comes down to either a smaller device to fit in your hand or a massive device with a screen nearly as large as a tablet’s. –Product review. The literal meaning of â€Å"at the end of the day† is â€Å"at the end of the day.† (Duh.) In the context of business and the workday, the â€Å"end of the day† is five o’clock or whenever the day’s business or work is done. Here are examples of the literal use of â€Å"at the end of the day†: In emergency situations, call your local law enforcement agency at the end of the day if the Division of Child and Family Services has not responded to your report. –Directions for the reporting of suspected child abuse. At the end of the day, the defense rested their case. The trial will continue Wednesday morning. –Herald-Democrat (OK). The best time to measure your feet is  at the end of the day  when your feet are largest.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œRecommendations for buying shoes. Here are some possible alternatives to the figurative use of â€Å"at the end of the day†: eventually finally ultimately some time at length one day in time sooner or later in the long run Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewHow to Style Titles of Print and Online Publications

Dick Spencer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dick Spencer - Research Paper Example The case study highlights about Dick Spencer, who works as a Vice President in one of the large manufacturing firms. However, prior to that he was a plant manager of a Modrow Company, which was also the Canadian branch office of Tri-American Corporation. Tri-American Corporation was a major player in the aluminum manufacturing industry and it was also involved in the integrated operations such as mining of bauxite, processing and fabrication that result in various end products. The company employed around 22,000 people has presence in different parts of the world. The company followed a decentralized organizational structure that allowed plan managers to gain extra control and authority over the operation but at the same time the pressure of profitability was significant. In order to further experience growth the company had accomplished an expansion project and modernization project. The cost of this project was very high, but the return on investment was expected to surpass the ini tial investment and that made the project feasible. Despite that the plant manager, Dick Spencer was a bit more skeptical about the viability of the project and as a precautionary measure the manager initiated a campaign that encouraged employees to cut expenses in whatever ways possible. He also urged employees to reduce the expenses and cut down cost to the highest possible extent. This report seeks to identify the key factors that contributed to Spencer’s success as a salesperson and tribulations as a manager. The report will also throw light on these factors that led to success as a salesman or his failure as a manager. Lastly, the study will recommend some of the steps or techniques that could be adopted which will help have Dick Spencer to become successful as a manager. Factors Contributing to Spencer’s success as a Salesperson and Tribulations as a Manager Selling and management are two different domains of business as the duties greatly differ from one another (Boles, Brashear, Bellenger & Barksdale, 2000). However, both the functions play imperative role in the success of a company. A sale is a key organizational function and the sales personnel plays key role in bringing revenues for the organization. In doing so a sales person generally exhibits various exceptional qualities. On the contrary, management is another vital function of an organization (Matsuno, Mentzer & Rentz, 2000). It helps in ensuring the organizational tasks are accomplished in a systematic and timely manner. Furthermore, the people of management also have the responsibility to administer the organizational activities and making decisions at every point of time. However, success or failure on these given fields greatly depends upon certain factors. In this context the factors which were responsible for Mr. Dick’s failure and success are underlined below: - Charming personality and business knowledge According to the viewpoint of the colleagues of Mr. Dick, he had a charming personality and good looks. Moreover, Mr. Dick also possessed sound business knowledge. The ability to sell products also needs special mention. This allowed Mr. Dick to become one of the successful salesmen of the company. In addition to these qualities, Mr. Dick also had a tremendous amount of energy and during his initial days enjoyed the work of a salesman. Despite, friend’s advice to switch into sales management jobs, he continued to act as a salesman. This clearly reflects the extent to which Mr. Dick was a self motivating person and how passion for sales had driven him. Self Motivation Self motivation is another major factor that played a significant role in the development of Mr. Dick as a salesperson. Eminent Scholar such as Pelham (2002) emphasizes that

EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS - Essay Example This proposition states that the markets price of securities such as shares traded in any stock exchange will vary or fluctuate according to the nature of information available to the members of the public. For instance information on company profitability, mergers, acquisition and business combination, dividend declaration and investment project that a firm intends to undertake are some of the information that influence the market price of securities. In addition to definition delineated above, efficient market hypothesis can also be delineated into three different ways, that is, allocative efficiency, operational and information efficiency. Allocative efficiency A market is considered to allocative efficient if it channels its direct savings towards the most efficient prolific project. In this case, if an enterprise is efficient it will find it easier to raise funds and this results to foster of the economy arising from the efficiency (Ogilvie, 2006). Allocative efficiency is perce ived to be at its optimal if savings cannot be a channelled to an enterprise or project that would result to higher economic prosperity. . In order, to achieve allocative efficiency in the financial market , the market should contain a fewer number of financial intermediaries such that funds are allocated directly from savers to users. Operational Efficiency Operational efficiency can be simply delineated in general as the minimization of transaction cost. This efficiency concept relates to the cost of conducting business, or the cost of capital that is the interest cost charged by the lender on money borrowed to the borrower. If the transaction cost is high this usually translates to high cost of using the financial markets. (Elton 2010). Therefore, transaction should always be at its minimum in order to increase operational efficiency especially where there is fair completion between the various market players. In order to increase operational efficiency then there is need to incr ease the number of market players who can be able to participate in the market continuously (Elton 2010). . Information Efficiency Information efficiency relates to extent that the information available to the members of public regarding the future panorama of a security is reflected in the present price of the said security. If all parties have the same information which is reflected in the present price of the security at their disposal then conducting investigation on securities becomes fair to all parties. This levels the playing ground for all market participants, because all the parties have access to same information which also reflected by the security price. Information efficiency is of great significant to financial managers since it indicates the effect of management decision will quickly and accurately be reflected in security prices (Elton 2010). The concept of Efficient market hypothesis is main based on information processing efficiency. It articulates that stock mark ets are proficient if and only if is reflected in security prices accurately and rapidly(Elton 2010). Efficient Market Hypothesis Levels Efficiency Efficient Market Hypothesis efficiency can be divided into 3 different levels: Weak form level of efficiency Weak for level of efficiency indicate that the historical price of securities can be used to articulate the changes in the security prices. According to this level of efficien

Managing Financial Resources Essay Example for Free

Managing Financial Resources Essay SUMMARY RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The proposed refrigerator manufacturing and sales project for Tesca Works, Inc. is a financially complicated project which on the surface, given the increase in energy costs and customer demand may seem like a winning proposition. However, when we delve further into the details of the financial projections along with projections of the future of the refrigerator market we are able to make a confident recommendation to Mr. Burton and the executive staff at Tesca Works, Inc. Using the information provided by the Tesca team we were able to create a comprehensive capital budget and cash flow analysis for the proposed refrigerator project. Through our analysis we found that the cost of capital of the project to be 13.487% and a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) to be at a value of 9.70%. Factoring in the WACC into our projections we found that if the demand maintains at an average rate the project will be at a positive Net  Present Value of $5,997,505.31 with an IRR of 13.21%, a profitability index of 8.84, and an approximate payback period of 6.84 years. Please see Exhibits below for a snapshot of the capital budget and NPV values. This information seemed to be very promising for the project in general. However, our continued analysis showed the project to be very sensitive to the sales price per unit of the refrigerator. We used the average demand scenario to produce a sensitivity analysis and found that with just a 5% decrease in the sales price of the refrigerator the NPV quickly dipped into a negative value thus showing the project to be extremely sensitive to the sales price of the refrigerator. Our scenario analysis also exposed a strong probability of the project giving a negative Net Present Value and giving a probable low Internal Rate of Return of only 4.01%. This is mainly due to the projects sensitivity to the sales price of the refrigerator and the potentially lower sales in the event of weak demand for the product. Because of the high probability for a very low IRR and negative NPV we are recommending that the project be rejected. The information we have uncovered through detailed financial analysis showed that the project is far too sensitive to lower demand and lower sales prices per unit. This is especially true for a lower sales price for the refrigerator. We found that even a small decrease in the sales price of just over 1% would cause the project’s NPV to become negative, even with an average unit sales demand. There may be potential for an average or strong demand in the marketplace, however there is too much risk to recommend project acceptance. A decision to move forward with the project would be mainly based on a ‘gut-feeling’ rather than on sound financial reasoning. Thus it is our official recommendation that Tesca Works, Inc. reject the project. 1) IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY COST SITUATION The question of energy cost being a factor of the decision to move forward with this project is of critical importance. This is because whether or not consumers are inspired to purchase a new appliance may be spurred by  increases in energy costs as well as possible tax benefits or rebates from power generating companies. Some consumers may be aware of the benefits of energy efficient appliances which may cause an increase in the normal demand for refrigerators. Tesca is in a unique position to be able to offer high efficiency refrigerators to the United States public at a time when the public is looking to reduce their use of electricity and other utility costs. When we look at the graph above it can be seen that the cost of electricity has steadily increased over the last 10 years. The price per kilowatt hour has increased almost 50% in 10 years (EIA, 2014). Thus to the consumer the price of energy is a big concern and the costs will most likely continue into the future. There is potential for an increased demand to replace aging inefficient appliances that are causing increased electrical bills for consumers. The energy cost and potential benefits to the consumer are of importance when determining the future of this project. The project is forecast to be of a positive value if the demand for refrigerators is at an average or strong demand from consumers. However, the realization of a high or average demand is mainly based on ‘gut-feeling’ rather than on sound financial information. There are too many variables in the marketplace that could cause demand to be weaker than projected. Such variables as a weak economy or recession could cause sales to drop which in turn would cause the project to lose its value quickly. 2) What is the project’s cost of equity? What is the appropriate discount factor to use for evaluating the refrigerator project? As seen in Exhibit I below, the project’s cost of equity (COE) is calculated to be 13.487%. We found this value by using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula by adding the treasury note yield with the beta value, then taking the market return rate and subtracting the treasury note yield. We then multiply those values together to attain the cost of equity value of 13.487%. This means there is a rate of return on investment of 13.487%. The Beta for Tesca Works, Inc. is fairly consistent with their competition. Tesca’s beta value is at 1.3 which means that Tesca’s value has been more volatile than the market. While this means there is more risk when investing in Tesca there is also a greater possibility for higher rates of  return. Exhibit I also shows the table used to calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) or discount factor which we used to evaluate this particular project. We used the following formula to calculate the WACC for this project. We know that the higher the weighted average cost of capital the less likely it is that Tesca will be creating value for its investors. The WACC helps us to determine if a company is creating value and presents the minimum return to satisfy investors and creditors. 3) Which of the two compressors should be used in the refrigerator if you decide to go ahead with the project and why? As seen in Exhibit II we determined that the CM-004 compressor should be used for this particular project. We came to this conclusion by finding the present value of the five year compressor warranty and adding that to the cost of the compressor. We used the weighted average cost of capital as the rate in our present value calculations. While the TS-L12 has a less expensive purchase price it has a more expensive warranty cost for the five year warranty period thus making it a more expensive overall compressor. When we use the present value calculations on both compressors, factoring in the warranty, we found that the present value of the CM-004 is $18.21 less expensive than the TS-L12 compressor. This makes the CM-004 compressor 4% less expensive to purchase for the warranty life of the compressor. It was important to take calculate the present values of both compressors to get an accurate comparison of the costs of the two compressors for the five year warranty costs of each compressor. While on the surface the TS-L12 may have seemed less expensive the overall cost in present dollars was higher when we factored in the value of the five year warranty on both compressors. 4) Forecast the project’s cash flows for the next twenty years. What assumptions did you use? Once we selected the appropriate compressor to use we were able to plug in  certain input values into our equations to create a cash flow projection for the entire project lifetime. We used the weighted average cost of capital value found in our earlier calculations as one of our input values. We also found the present value of the refrigerator, see Exhibit IV, by using the input values given in the financial information from Tesca such as the labor, parts, and compressor costs. We found the cost of the refrigerator to be $1,269.36, see Exhibit III. ASSUMPTIONS MADE: Certain assumptions were made when calculating the projected cash flows for the refrigerator project. We assumed inflation would remain at 2.5% and used that value to increase the sales price, variable cost, and administrative fixed costs each year. Please see Exhibit IV for a breakdown of the inputs used for the cash flow projections. This allowed us to gain a more a more realistic forecast of the project’s potential cash flows for the entire project. We also used the average demand as our base projections for the project. This is because the average demand scenario has the highest probability of 45%. We used straight-line depreciation with regard to depreciating the investment in the project over time. We detailed the first three years of the project, years zero through two with the appropriate investment amounts during each of those years. Since production and sales did not begin until year three we were able to make an assumption of potential tax returns on the invested dollars for years one and two. We used the tax rate of 25% to calculate the tax returns along with the taxable amounts for all years. See the attached spreadsheet for the detailed cash flow projections. We also assumed that since the refrigerators could be produced for a total of 20 years the entire life of the project would span from year zero through year 22. This is because the production of the refrigerators could not begin until year three, thus making the projects timeline from year zero through year 22. With this information and assumptions we found that when the units are in production and being sold the project will yield a positive annual cash flow. The working capital was found by taking the 11% and carrying it over  for each year. We used the initial Net Operating Working Capital (NOWC) found in year two then calculated the difference using 11% of the difference of the sales each year and calculated that for the entire life of the production. 5) Use the appropriate capital budgeting techniques to evaluate the project. As seen in Exhibit V we used the appropriate capital budgeting and performance measures to evaluate the life of the project. Exhibit VI displays the results of the capital budgeting analysis. We found the NPV for the average demand scenario to be $5,997,505.31 which is a positive value for the project given the average demand inputs. The Internal Rate of Return was calculated as 13.21% which, again, is a positive value and could provide for a nice rate of return on the project since it is higher than the weighted average cost of capital and the market return rate. The profitability index was found to be at a value of 8.84. Because the profitability index is higher than 1.0 that shows that the project present value is greater than the initial investments in the project. We then calculated the number of years for a payback on the initial investments in the project. We found that the simple payback of the initial investments would take 6.48 years for the average demand scenario. In simple terms, and if we only used the average demand assumptions, this project would seem to provide positive net results for Tesca. Using the average demand inputs the NPV, IRR, Profitability Index, and Payback Years are at an acceptable level. However, as we will cover in later sections, when we include probability analysis of the other demand scenarios we find that the project is less than desirable. 6) Use the average demand scenario to evaluate the sensitivity of the project’s NPV with respect to sale price of the refrigerator and the cost of the compressor.  We used the average demand scenario to produce a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the project. We utilized three variables when conducting our sensitivity analysis, the sale price of the refrigerator, the cost of the compressor, and the project’s weighted average cost of capital. We included the weighted average cost of capital as an extra variable to get further details on the sensitivity of the project. We used a scale of 5% increments from -25% to 25% which allowed us to produce a sensitivity analysis with adequate details. Please see Exhibits VIII and IX for the numerical details and sensitivity graph for the project. The sensitivity analysis uncovered the following critical information with respect to how sensitive the NPV of the project was to the given variables. Sales Price Sensitivity We found that even a small decrease in the sales price of the refrigerator of just over 1% caused the project’s NPV to become negative. The graph in Exhibit IX shows the steep sensitivity line with respect to the change in the sales price per unit. Even with an average sales demand, if the price dropped to 15% which is approximately the same sale price of our weak demand scenario the NPV was substantially below zero at a negative value of $-57,667,920. With each 5% increment the NPV values sometimes increased or decreased at a rate that doubled or more because of the projects extreme sensitivity to the sales price of the refrigerator. The profit margin on the refrigerator of 19.41% and markup of only 24% does not leave much room for a price reduction in the sales price of the refrigerator. The data also points to a wide range in NPV with respect to the sales price of the units. There was a total range of over $212 million for the sensitivity of the sales price per unit. This d ata leads to the discovery that the project is extremely sensitive to the sales price of the refrigerator. Compressor Cost Sensitivity The project was not as sensitive to the cost of the compressor, however, it did not take a large percentage increase in the cost of the compressor to throw the NPV of the project into a negative value, just over 5%. Exhibit IX’s graph shows the sensitivity lines for the project. The compressor sensitivity is not nearly as steep as the price sensitivity per unit. Because the cost of the compressor affects the profit margin on each refrigerator the lower the cost of the compressor the better the NPV because  of the increased profit margin per unit. 7) Based on the scenario and sensitivity analysis you performed above, comment on the overall riskiness of the project. Based on the scenario and sensitivity analysis we were able to determine that the project is of a high risk nature. There are several factors that make this project such a high risk which include the narrow profit margin per unit, the uncertainty of the future market, the high cost per unit, and the high administrative costs. Through a scenario analysis we analyzed the three potential demand scenarios for this project. We used the weak, strong, and average demand scenario variables to formulate the probabilities for the project. We found that the probability of the NPV is a significant negative value of $-6,300,213, see Exhibit VII for details of the scenario analysis. We also found that the probable IRR of the project was very low at 4.01%. Given the low IRR probability of 4.01% that means it is significantly lower than the SP 500 market return of 11% and barely a point higher than the 10-year treasury note yield of 2.71%. The low probable internal rate of return is another red flag for the riskiness and viability of the refrigerator project for Tesca Works, Inc. The weak demand scenario produced significant negative values for the NPV and the internal rate of return (IRR). The weak scenario also produced a non-existent payback period within the 20 year production lifecycle of the project. With each scenario the selling price and unit sales were changed, however, the high cost of each unit and administrative costs remained the same, thus adding to the risk of the project since it is highly reliant on an average or strong demand and higher sales prices per unit. While the project has the potential of a very high NPV, IRR, and payback period with a strong demand, the projects sensitivity to price and market demand make this a very risky project to undertake at this time. If there were ways to increase the profit margin or decrease the fixed costs of the project that may help decrease the risky nature of this particular project. 8) Would you recommend that Tesca Works accept or reject the project? What is the basis for your recommendation? We would not recommend this project for Tesca Works, Inc. Our recommendation is for Tesca management to reject the project. Our analysis has shown this project to be too sensitive to market shift and too risky to undertake at this time. While there is excitement across the country for more energy efficient appliances, we feel that the project poses some significant risks for Tesca. The successful outcome of the project truly relies on the demand from consumers. Their demand will determine the selling price and sales volume of the refrigerator units. If this demand is barely below the average demand we will see a negative NPV for the project and thus a negative result for Tesca Works, Inc. Recent economic history in the United States has shown the economy to be unstable and may not provide an average or strong demand for the product. While we feel the energy costs across the country could be of significant importance for a project of this nature we do not feel that there is enough lee way in the profit margin of the project to be economically feasible should demand be lower than anticipated. Our analysis showed the project to be very sensitive to the sales price per unit value of the refrigerator. We used the average demand scenario to produce a sensitivity analysis and found that with just a 5% decrease in the sales price of the refrigerator the NPV quickly dipped into a negative value thus showing the project to be extremely sensitive to the sales price of the refrigerator. Our scenario analysis also exposed a strong probability of the project giving a negative Net Present Value and giving a probable low Internal Rate of Return of only 4.01%. This is mainly due to the projects sensitivity to the sales price of the refrigerator and the potentially lower sales in the event of weak demand for the product. The project’s profit margin is too close to allow for market demand fluctuations which would cause the project to have a negative net present  value. If Tesca were to offer the refrigerator at a higher sales price this would yield a stronger profit margin and may alter the recommended rejection of this project. As we discussed the project is far too sensitive to changes in the sales price of the refrigerators. Even with an average demand of sales volume, if we reduce the sales price we begin to see a negative NPV for the project. Thus, the project is too sensitive to minor changes in the profit margin of the refrigerators. Which is why we are recommending a rejection of this project for Tesca Works, Inc.

Sylvia Plaths Words for a Nursery Essays -- Sylvia Plath Words Nurser

Sylvia Plath's Words for a Nursery Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Words for a Nursery† depicts the embodiment of life through the symbolism of a human hand. Referring to the hand many times throughout various works(â€Å"Mirrors†, â€Å"Tulips†, â€Å"Lady Lazarus†, etc), Plath continually portrays this feature as a bodily tool around which life functions. After becoming pregnant with her first child, Plath’s analysis of the progression of life from birth to death can be seen within such a poem. Like most of her poetry, â€Å"Words for a Nursery† escalates in a positive manner until the end where death is expressed, and a sense of pessimism is briefly felt. As she suggests, life begins with the opening of the hand, the first action which will lead to eventual awareness of the world. Through her analysis of the detailed elements of the hand, and her emphasis on its ability to learn its role, Plath examines the phases of life by expressing a new stage within each stanza. From birth, through life, and finally to old age and death, Plath draws upon a series of images to metaphorically describe human existence in life’s endless cycle. Throughout â€Å"Words for a Nursery†, Plath uses various stylistic devices to relate the human hand to the progression of life. With the whole poem existing as an extended metaphor, the author encourages a reader to interpret and search for meaning. As Plath opens with â€Å"Rosebud, knot of worms†, the beginning of human life is seen. The baby’s crunched fist is a â€Å"rosebud†, it’s fingers a â€Å"knot of worms†. Continuing, we read â€Å"Heir of the first five / Sharpers; I open†. Here, readers infer that with the opening of the child’s five fingers, life begins. Although Plath does not directly state this meaning, her creativ... ...eased comprehension of life and its cycle. Since Plath uses the first person point of view to describe life as an experience, her accepted wisdom creates a natural style. She understands life to be a cycle, where even in death, life of another (in this case the â€Å"thin crows†) continues. Although pessimism toward death is evident, Plath regards life as a progression. The hand opens to allow life to begin, learns its function, and remains active until it reaches old age, where it then becomes weak and eventually dies. Through such a beautifully written metaphor, a reader learns that life is a continual development up to the time of death. From the origin to decease of individual life, the hand, just like the human, experiences growth. From thistle to silk, and rosebud to rose, life is a road of unforeseen events, all paths leading to the progression of existence.

Privilege: Race and White Supremacy

As a Latina that I am I was brought to the united states by the myth of the American Dream, hoping to find equality, freedom and opportunity. Becoming an American requires that immigrants like me take a new identity, to be able to be equally treated as members of the white community with all rights, responsibilities, and opportunities that American citizens have and when I mean American people I mean white people. The myth of the American Dream then falls flat on my face because it lies when it says that Americans are â€Å"equally created. Once I came into this country I came across the reality that in fact we are created equal but yet we are not the same because our skin color is not â€Å"white† and we have distinct physical characteristics. Life experiences made me ask, What does it mean to be white? , What is white privilege? , and what is white supremacy? And I came to a conclusion that white privilege and white supremacy can be described as a right or protection grante d essay writer needed, advantage or favor to whites and the ability to take advantage of people that belong to minorities.White privilege means more opportunities to whites rather than to people that actually need it; white privilege is also invisible to whites but not to minorities that have been oppressed throughout the years. The article â€Å"Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege† by Pem Davidson Buck explains on the ideas behind white privilege and how it is created perfectly. It begins with the idea behind constructing race and keeping racial categories separate. It then gets into the privileges white people have such as the right to bear arms, own livestock, and even the right to beat any blacks.Buick writes, â€Å"More pain could be inflected on blacks than on whites. Whites alone could bear arms; Whites alone had the right to self-defense† (34). Meaning that if a white person hits you for no reason then you were not allowed to defend yourself just becaus e you were â€Å"black,† but what if the white men was beating you to death, could you defend yourself? , no, because you were black. Nothing has change even today white still think they have the right to humiliate you because they think they are better than you.I work at a grocery store and I always have to take the humiliation specially from white customers, because people personally ask me if I speak English or they let me know that I shouldn’t be working there because this is a white people store, I am not allowed to defend myself because I will get fire, just like African Americans were not allowed to defend themselves because otherwise they will get bit up by their owner. This article ends with psychological wage and how whites are treated differently in places of business. This sense of superiority allowed struggling northern whites to look down their noses at free blacks and at recent immigrants particularly the Irish. This version of whiteness was supposed to make up for their otherwise difficult situation providing them with a ‘psychological wage’ instead of cash- a bit like being employee of the month and given a special parking place instead of a raise†(Buck. Pg. 35). This also meant that the poor whites helped by supporting the unfair system and made it easier for the rich whites to have control over the labor force and economy.Therefore, the psychological wage â€Å"paid† the poor whites because it made them feel as if being white was a privilege; it was a reward to be white and it made them look down on blacks, Indians and other minorities. On the other hand minorities were not paid because white people did not want to pay them instead they would just give them something such as ‘employee of the month’ to make them think that they were important. I believe this country is one of the riches because oppressors were always living off African Americans and other minorities’ hard work instea d of giving them what they deserve.This reading hits great points on the differences seen between whites and blacks and the differences on how they are treated. Not enough with mistreating them and not giving them the right to get a wage they also take advantage by passing laws that will make minorities sink , stay uneducated and do not let them progress. There is a stereotypical view that underprivileged minorities are sometimes considered uneducated. This lack of minorities’ education is not our fault, but the fault of unlikely outside powers such as white supremacy.Consequently there is some truth to this specific label, but the minorities are not to blame for lack of education we did not choose to be poor we were forced to be poor and stay at the bottom of the ladder. Few opportunities are given to us, starting with housing then leading to schools which would then affect our education. This all started with our Federal Housing Agency or the FHA. In the reading The Possess ive Investment in Whiteness the author George Lipsitz puts extensive research into how the FHA started and how its agency ties into minorities receiving loans or the lack of.In 1934 the FHA was provided from the government who then gave the agency’s power to private home lenders, and this is when racial biasness came into place through selective home loans. Lipsitz says, â€Å"the Federal Housing Agency’s confidential surveys and appraiser’s manuals channeled almost all of the loan money toward whites and away from communities of color† (pg. 74). These surveys were conducted by the private lenders who had free supremacy to prove the loans to whomever they want.Because the minorities did not get a chance to receive the FHA loans that they needed, they are then forced to live in urban areas. This is one of the reasons why people stay segregated because on one side of town you have the minorities living in the poorest side and on the other side you have the wealthiest, which are mainly white people. If we take a look at global segregation, the third world countries are mainly non-white ethnicity for example Haiti is a third world country that does not progress because the United States (one of the riches country) does not let that country progress.White supremacy is lead by the tought that white people do not think of themselves as a race because that would bring them down and think that they are ‘inferior’. In the article â€Å"Failing to See† by Harlon Dalton, he suggests that most white people tend to see themselves in racial terms. Dalton writes â€Å" The emergence in the 1980smof the term ‘African American’ was meant to supply a label for our ethnicity that is distinct from the one used for race. Most people, however, continue to use the term ‘black’ to refer to both. White’ on the other hand refers only to race. It has no particular content† (pg. 17). In my opinion Dalt on is referring to the circumstance that white people don't see themselves as a race because their race has never been an issue in their lives. For example a white person has to go through the pain of not getting a job because of their racial identity on the other hand a person who belongs to a minority race that of African American or Latino decent they do get rejected from jobs just because they either look â€Å"black† or â€Å"brown†.Most white people never associate whiteness as race because they were taught to label others and not themselves cause if they label others as raced they themselves cannot be a part of that group. Teaching with people to not label themselves is one of the lessons thought by their ancestors in addition to the lessons of hating other people outside their with circle. In the book Killers of the Dream by Lillian Smith the author writes about the way she was brought up, the lessons she was thought. The book starts off with the author remembe ring a childhood incident with her parents that made her onder about the hypocrisy she has been raised by in the Southern way of life. â€Å" A little white girl was found in the colored section of our town, living with a Negro family in a broken-down shack† (Smith pg. 34-35). Her mother’s friend believed that the girl was kidnapped and the little girl ends up living at the Smith’s house for a few weeks. The author quickly becomes friends with this girl-Janie, until her mother tells Lillian that Janie is in fact a black girl and cannot live in their home anymore. Moreover, her mother informs Lillian that she is too young to understand why, and she should not ever ask about this subject again.Lillian now had to explain to Janie that colored children should not live with white children. This was one of the lessons her parents thought Lillian; Smith also explains the parents’ mentality towards their children and how they are raised. Those parents enforce the ir children into believing that sexual desires, and all the parts of their bodies that cause these sexual desires, are shameful and should be feared; including their fear for black people. In the reading The Lessons, Smith writes, â€Å"Our first lesson about God made the deepest impression on us.We were told that He loved us, and then we were told that He would burn us in everlasting flames of hell if we displeased Him. We were told we should love Him for He gives us everything good that we have, and then we were told that we should fear Him because He has the power to do evil to us whenever He cares to. We learned from this part of the lesson another: that â€Å"people,† like God and parents, can love you and hate you at the same time; and though they may love you, if you displease them they may do you great injury† (pg. 5). Smith is trying to explain the confusion that society creates because in one hand society teaches us that we should be treated the same because we are all humans, but on the other hand whites are better than any other person because their color is better and they are better overall. There is a contradiction in what our society teaches us. The ironic part of all is that not only white parents thought that being around black people was bad; black people also knew that being around white people was a bad social behavior.In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch† a reading by Richard Wright, is a chapter about his life growing up in the segregated south. He remembers what his mother tells him about the differences between whites and blacks. His mother teaches her son not to fight the white man and beat her son when a broken milk bottle, thrown by a white kid, hits him. She taught him that blacks belonged in their place and whites had their own, informing him that he did not mix with the whites. Just like how Lillian was tought to not mix with black people.From here on out Richard Wright lived in fear of the whites and he would soon learn why his mother wished him to feel this way. When Richard went to get a job he remembered his mother’s word and talked to his white boss with the utmost respect using â€Å"yessirs† and â€Å"nosirs†. Despite his respectfulness to the white man, his boss penalized him for wanting to learn and asked him if he thought he was ‘white’. Richard witnesses countless â€Å"Jim Crow† racism throughout his life all so the white man could feel superior to him and his race.At one point he witnesses his boss and twelve year old son beat a black woman and when she ran to a white cop he accused her of being drunk. Richard was searched for being in a white neighborhood, cursed for looking at an attractive white woman, and was forced to falsify a white man’s signature to receive books from the library. In my opinion the white man treated this boy in a bad way because his white privilege gave him the authority t o do so his whiteness served the men as a protection. Going back to what Richards mother was telling him that he was unequal to whites probably saved his life.Before he knew this he would partake in fights with white kids throwing black cinders as they returned fire with bottles. When he got hit with one of these bottles and told his mother of the happened she beat him for fighting with whites. Though terrible this was an important lesson for young Richard who would encounter racism for the rest of his life, racism that if he didn’t listen to his mother could have got him killed. Nowadays if someone’s mother tells him or her at an early age that they are unequal to others because you look different could scar that person for life.Those words could lower someone’s self-esteem and mental state that they would be in and out psychologist’s offices for a very long time. But What if more black mothers taught their sons and daughters to fight back against oppres sion? Could they have made a difference? Possibly, but southern whites would do all they could in order to keep blacks as inferiors. Though eventually blacks did take this stand it took them along time to end segregation and receive more rights.Maybe if boys like Richard were taught to fight they could have changed things earlier, but this would not come without consequences. Groups like the KKK would murder many blacks and without the significance of media to open the eyes of many white in the north it would be an extreme struggle. Believing in equality maintains inequality. If we let people brainwash us by letting us think that we are all equal we are contributing to white supremacy. Instead of contributing to white supremacy let’s contribute to end it.I know that white supremacy will not end from one day to another but we as a society should be able to start changing this dilemma. Works Cited Smith, Lillian. â€Å"When I Was a Child. † Killers of The Dream. Margaret Rose Gladney. W. W. Norton ;Company. New York: 1994. 34-35. Smith, Lillian. â€Å"The Lessons. † Killers of The Dream. Margaret Rose Gladney. W. W. Norton ;Company. New York: 1994. 85. Buck, Davidson Buck. â€Å"Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege†. Race, Class, and Gender In The United States. The Possessive Investment in Whiteness by

Essay on Film, “A Bronx Tale”

Amy Lau Expository Essay – â€Å"A Bronx Tale† Topic: â€Å"The choices that you make will shape your life forever† The film, set in New York City, in the 1960s, A Bronx Tale, Lorenzo (played by Robert De Niro) has a son, Calogero, whom we see throughout the film as one who made numerous decisions throughout his life, which shaped his future. One of those things was what Calogero did in the early stages of the film. At nine years old, he sat on the steps as he witnessed Sonny, a gangster, out of defense for a friend, shoot and kill someone seemingly competing with someone else over a parking spot. When Calogero was requested by NYPD detectives to identify the murderer by facial recognition, he kept quiet about the truth. As a result, Sonny welcomed him into his inner group of followers and compelled everyone he knew to please Calogero. Sonny’s men also offered Lorenzo a job to make a lot more money than he already does, but Lorenzo, preferring a law-abiding life, declined the offer. Lorenzo hated Sonny’s influence on his son (â€Å"You don’t understand: It’s not what you say, it’s what he sees, the clothes, the cars, the money, it’s everything. He tried to throw away his baseball cards because he said Mickey Mantle will never pay the rent†). When Lorenzo found out about the money that Calogero has gained from working for Sonny, he took his son’s money and returned them to Sonny at the bar and warns him to keep away from his son, which Sonny responded to Lorenzo, â€Å"I treat him like he’s my son† The turns of events that were caused by Calogero refusing to rat on Sonny in the beginning seemed to have a lasting effect. Eight years later, Calogero became close friends with Sonny and continued to regularly visit him without his father’s knowledge. He also remained part of a gang of local Italian boys he grew up with, which Sonny advised against. He then meets Jane Williams, an African American girl and the two arranged a date despite severe tension between the Blacks and the Italians, especially amongst his friends. The friends he chose also shaped his future. One night in provoked retaliation, Calogero’s friends made a plan to strike at an earlier attack back at the African Americans using molotov cocktails. They compelled Calogero to come with them in a journey to the area of the African Americans, but along the way, Sonny intervenes and orders Calogero out of the car. Calogero catches up with Jane and the two shared an intimate moment. The conversation then leads Calogero to remember of a planned attack in the town where the Blacks live, and he realises that Jane’s brother is in danger. He and Jane rush to stop them, and to her brother’s aid. Then we see Calogero’s friends attack a shop, owned by an African American, and set the shop on fire. Then the shopkeeper, taking the unexploded homemade bomb, which was thrown at him, threw it back at the boys’ car, igniting the rest of the explosives in it. Calogero and Jane arrive at the ruins of the exploded car to discover that all his friends have died as a result of their attack. In mixed feelings of grief and relief, Calogero rushes back to Sonny to thank him for saving his life. Calogero knowing Sonny certainly has its goodness. Page 1/2 Then in a crowded bar upon arrival, he sees Sonny, and also someone coming up behind Sonny with a gun. A shot is fired a Sonny falls to the floor. The unnamed assassin is the son of the man killed by Sonny eight years ago. It seemed Sonny also made a decision eight years ago which shaped his life, which in turn ended in a tragedy. When Lorenzo arrives at the end of the memorial service held for Sonny, to pay his respects to him, he says that he had never hated Sonny, but merely resented him for making Calogero grow up so quickly. In conclusion, the viewers could interpret that the fact that Calogero did not tell the NYPD detectives that Sonny was the murderer definitely has its benefits, like the fact that it has protected him from a possible retaliation that would have resulted from Sonny’s men had he chose to reveal Sonny to detectives as the murderer. And because of this, he won over friends in Sonny and his inner circle of followers, and has remained close throughout. Also, Calogero seemed positively influenced by Sonny as a result of their friendship. He says in the end: â€Å"I learned to give love and get love unconditionally. You just have to accept people for what they are. And I learned the greatest gift of all: the saddest thing in life is wasted talent. The choices that you make will shape your life forever. You can ask anybody from my neighborhood, and they'll just tell you, this is just another Bronx tale†. Page 2/2

Architecture, Building #038; Planning Essay Writing Guide Useful Strategies

Architecture, Building #038; Planning Essay Writing Guide Useful Strategies At the moment, architecture and building are among the most written about issues on the globe. The reason is quite simple – the omnipresence of the technologies and innovations can’t be denied, as well as the podium on which it itself is based i.e. architecture. Basically, the architecture essay replicates the key principles and the structure of a traditional college essay with a couple of unique points. Writing an essay on architecture requires you to gather a significant amount of information in order to get a reasonable understanding of the subject matter. Like no other paper, this essay requires student’s complete consistency, precision, and lucidness in presenting the facts. Collecting information for an architecture and building essay is not a big problem. Nonetheless, crafting an essay itself is a sort of art and special attention should be paid to the process of researching and writing itself. Below, we provide an architecture essay guide with a range of strategies and architecture essay tips that will help you create an excellent paper. Understanding Architecture, Building and Planning For your topic you should clarify what architecture actually is. The term comes from the Greek word – â€Å"arkhitekton† meaning architect. In other words, architecture is all about the process of designing, planning, and constructing building and the other structures of the kind. In other words, the term principally signifies the knowledge of techs, tools, systems, machines used to handle various architecture issues. According to Merriam-Webster, architecture is â€Å"the art or science of building; specifically: the art or practice of designing and building structures and especially habitable ones† with the use of techniques, materials and tools to guarantee more productive and pleasant life. Choose Your Topic For your architecture essay, you have to pick the sub-field that you’re interested in the most. However, ensure you don’t select something too problematical or innovative. Since architecture has already become an integral part of everyday life, there are some styles that are going to turn your essay into success: The Victorian Era. The Victorian times (mid to late 19th century) were quite significant due to the fact that many architectural styles like Tudor, Gothic Revival and Romanesque returned. It’s a well-known fact that many homes were built in the Victorian style during the industrial revolution. Look over the topics below to find one that interests you: Changes in the Building World That Had an Impact on the Look of Victorian Buildings; Unshakeable Religious Overtones as the Reason Why Gothic Failed to Become a Universal Style; The Key Principles of The ‘dollhouse’ Effect; The Queen Anne Style Rules and Peculiarities. Romanesque. Romanesque architecture emerged in Europe in 10th century. Known as Norman Architecture, this architectural style has the most famous feature that is the rounded arch that is usually seen in the churches built in Roman style. Look over the topics below to find one that interests you: The Influence of Romanesque Architecture Style Between 1075 and 1125 in France; The History of Romanesque Churches; The Crusades to Inspire Great Building Programs; The Spiral Style as One of the Significant Motifs of Romanesque Design. Baroque. Baroque originally comes from Italy, where this style actually occurred in 16th century. The so-called departure from the Romanesque style appealed to the human senses. The more emotive architectural style was the celebration of the Catholic state. Check the topics below to choose the most suitable one: Baroque Architecture in Italian Churches; Baroque Architecture: Introduction of Irregular Decoration and Design; Baroque Architecture and Its Association with Colonialism; Francesco Borromini – the Master of Curved-wall Architecture. Tudor. Meet the final architectural style from the medieval period in England, between 1485 and 1558. The so-called transitional style comprised mixing elements of a Gothic style with Renaissance features. Below, we list some topics to help you write an outstanding essay: Stockbroker Tudor and Its Popularity in Washington D.C., during The 1920s; Fairy Tale Cottage Look to Get Much Buzz Even Today in The US; The Key Differences Between Tudor and Early Gothic Style Architecture; False Half-timbering as One of the Most Recognizable Features Of A Tudor House. Be Proficient with Your Research As mentioned above, information on architecture is plentiful, and chances are you’re going to get lost in searching for answers. Meditate for a minute and turn your mind and attention on. Be clear about what your essay topic is. You may have been assigned one or you may have chosen one yourself. Let’s say, your job is to provide an essay on â€Å"Bauhaus Movement in the Modernist Designs.† With the task in hand, collect the relevant details. Ensure to remain precise in what you search for – you have library resources and online websites at your disposal. Make sure to discard all the useless details that you’ll 100% face. Search for relevant information as carefully as you can to cover your topic and the questions your target audience may have about it. Review articles, academic papers, books and journals to fill all the knowledge gaps and take notes in the process. As to the topic discussed before, your target audience will be most likely interested in the following issues: Understanding the Bauhaus concepts; The details the designs of Bauhaus architecture (flat roofs, cubic shapes, open floor plans, steel frames, etc.); The impact of Bauhaus; The most outstanding artists representing the area in the 20th century. At some point, you may want to narrow your topic, if you have collected too much information. At the same time, if there are too little relevant details on the chosen topic, ensure to make it more general. Do not rely on the outdated resources as you sort out the research materials. Stay Clear on Your Objectives When you get on with writing, ensure to remain clear on what your architecture essay objectives are. Is it an argumentative essay? Make sure to provide enough reasons why Bauhaus concepts are still en vogue nowadays. Is your essay a narrative story? When writing about English designer William Morris, remember that you are sharing emotional and sensory details with the reader. If you’re assigned with the task to accomplish an expository essay, explain the topic in a straightforward and logical manner. Put down all the objectives of your essay on a piece of paper. Thus, the process of writing will become straightforward and you won’t have to change the course of writing every time you turn to writing. The Introduction Of an Architecture Essay: Examples by Our Writers A professionally developed introduction will engage your target readers and create interest. Just like in case of any other academic assignment, the introduction of the architecture essay states a compelling and significant position. With the given topic â€Å"Bauhaus Movement in the Modernist Designs†, feel free to begin the story with the attention grabber like â€Å"Bauhaus artists invested a great amount of energy in holding legendary and surreal costume parties. The party like that usually began as an improvised event that later turned into a grandiose party like Triadic Ballet of Oskar Schlemmer, in 1922†. A paragraph or two would be enough to introduce the story and include a well-worded strong thesis that you’ll have to discuss in the course of the essay: Bad Thesis #1: Bauhaus translates from the German language to ‘house of building’. Bad Thesis #2: This essay will consider the advantages and disadvantages of Bauhaus development. Bad Thesis #3: Bauhaus is interesting because its ideals are spread worldwide. Good Thesis #1: The Bauhaus was a school established in Weimar (Germany) in 1919 by a German architect, Walter Gropius, who planned to link creativity and manufacturing as they had been falling apart. Good Thesis #2: Bauhaus design is exceptional and problematic at the same time. Aesthetically, uncluttered, simple and clean forms appeal to many. At the same time, a lot of people feel this disquiet and discomfort due to the so-called devoid of life. Good Thesis #3: Nowadays, the representatives of the field keep spreading Bauhaus idealistic concepts all over the globe. For example, a lot of Jewish architects of the Bauhaus school contributed to the White City of Tel Aviv. The Supporting Paragraphs The body of the essay comprises well-developed and logically arranged key points that are related to the thesis statement directly. You have to make yourself clear by providing your position – the questions that you’re exploring and why you’ve answered them that way. You do this throughout your essay by making claims and supporting them with detailed and concrete examples/evidence. Your task here is to convince your readers that your point of view is correct since your supporting examples are, according to The Craft of Research, â€Å"accurate, precise, sufficient, authoritative, and perspicuous†. The most important thing to keep in mind about supporting your claims is that you give the sources for claims that you provide. To do that, you have to refer to the literature within the essay content. For instance, you might make the following statement in your project: â€Å"The designs representing Renaissance architecture style were intended to reflect the ideals the elegance of domestic life, while the basic clues were taken from the Roman ruins.† (Francis Hegarty, John Amoore, Paul Blackett, Justin McCarthy, Richard Scott, 2017). In the process of writing, you’ll have to decide how passionate you’re about your viewpoints. You can either take a solid stand and support it, or become an observer who slowly moves to the conclusion point after taking into account many positions. Anyway, ensure you have your own opinion, based on the research you’ve performed. The Conclusion The conclusion is used to wrap up the key idea of the architecture essay and to restate the thesis in a creative way. The final part should, therefore, convey a strong sense of closure and completeness, as well as the lingering possibilities for your topic, its possible implications. In other to set a solid sense of The End, the author might do some of the following: Conclude your architecture essay by linking the ending paragraph to the first, perhaps through reiterating a phrase or a word used in the introduction. Conclude the paper with a sentence that is comprised of one-syllable words. The point here lies in the fact that the simple language creates the so-called effect of understated drama. Conclude the essay with a sentence that had parallel or compound structure. Thus, you’ll be able to set a sense of balance that will help your readers feel like the end of the complex debates couldn’t be better. As an option, you may conclude your architecture essay by considering the implications of your discussion, argument or analysis. What does your argument suggest, involve or imply? For instance, an essay â€Å"What Is Behind the Rebirth of Gothic Architecture?† might open up with the idea that â€Å"The gothic style in the field of architecture and building stopped being chosen for a reason; the reality is that it was rejected and set aside for centuries.† In the concluding section, you might make the new but related statement that the situation has changed at the present moment. There’s no need to apologize. If you can boast of having efficient knowledge in the architectural area, you know more about the topic than you can possibly squeeze into a 5-page college essay. Therefore, by the time you’re done with the assignment, you may be having certain doubts about what you have actually written. And in case you haven’t become the architecture guru yet, you may find yourself in the middle of more doubts that you could imagine as you approach the final point of the essay. Block those doubts. Don’t even think about weakening your authority by saying something like, â€Å"this is just my own point of view; there might be some other viewpoints that are better or more reliable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stand your ground until the end.

Writing for the web - Emphasis

Writing for the web Writing for the web A website is a quick, easy and relatively cheap way to reach thousands of potential clients. Rich web content is what keeps those prospective clients coming back for more. Most people (75 per cent*) say that content quality is the most important factor governing whether they revisit a website (*Forrester Research). Yet content readability is one of the most obvious and most overlooked aspects of website accessibility. No matter how good the design of your site, and no matter how many users it gets, both are irrelevant if visitors cant or wont follow the content. Of course, websites for large organisations may have several different authors. So its easier to slip up on content readability: personal writing styles vary and can lead to confusing inconsistency. There may also be a mad dash to fill pages as soon as they are designed without enough thought given to subject matter, layout, punctuation, grammar and, most importantly, your site visitor. Good writing is not merely intuitive. Here are ten top tips on how to improve your site and ensure your content is king. 1. Start with the reader in mind. Ask yourself why theyre going to be visiting a page and what their likely thought process would be. Also, ask what things they wouldnt be interested in. 2. Use plain English. Imagine a typical customer. What terms would they use? Imagine that you are speaking to them when you write. Read the content out loud if it helps often its the process of writing that causes the problem. 3. Use the active voice, rather than the passive. So rather than saying an area is being redeveloped, say, we are redeveloping it. 4. Structure your sentences logically, by putting the what before the why. So dont write: If the company makes these changes now, it will immediately improve the service. Instead, write: The company will immediately improve the service if it makes these changes now. 5. Avoid over-long sentences. The best way to do this is to limit yourself to one idea per sentence. (This makes content much easier to write too.) 6. Use punctuation helpfully and accurately. Punctuation may seem like a small thing, but it can make a world of difference. For example, a local authority website recently left the apostrophe out of the following sentence: Residents refuse to go in the bins. The resulting meaning was probably not what the author intended. 7. Be direct. Use the word you whenever you can, and address the site visitor directly, as one person. (For example, You can find more information here.) 8. Talk. If various colleagues provide written information for your website, set up a meeting and decide on a style guide to ensure consistency. For example: use the same subheads and titles; if you use specific abbreviations make sure you all work to the same format. Discuss work in progress as a team so as not to repeat content unnecessarily. 9. Proofread. Inaccuracies can easily be missed. Be sure to print out and proofread the content, as mistakes are much harder to spot on screen. 10. Links. Links can be extremely helpful if directing the site visitor to relevant information. But be careful not to splatter your web pages with links for the sake of it. This can alienate the site visitor from the content they actually require. You dont want to send them hurtling into the www ether when they could be reading your site.

Professionalism in health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professionalism in health care - Essay Example Last month, I worked in a group made up of professionals of several interrelated fields, whereby we all worked on a common project. Despite the qualifications of group members, the project did not go well as planned due to shortcomings related to teamwork. For instance, group members usually digressed and spent project time to discuss their own matters and solve personal issues. This was primarily due to lack of a group leader. Had the members chosen a leader, then the latter would have had the responsibility of keeping the group in order, which could have been beneficial in timely completion of the task. On the other hand, group members succeed in completing part of the project due to some positive teamwork practices. For instance, the group members came up with new approaches to the problem through creative thinking and brainstorming, all of which contributed positively to the team and in turn completion of the

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Research Paper Example Another reason for pursuing admission in SIU is the extensive scholarship programs that are used by the university to help its students. The scholarships provided by the university are on a rise and these scholarships promote students in working hard in order to attain scholarships. The university has high number of accreditations from several different accreditation agencies which is a solid reason to become a part of SIU. Other than the popularity of the University among dental students, the university has huge number of programs for the development of those who want to pursue a career in the field of dentistry. It provides students with both practical and theoretical knowledge and application for the development of high quality dental professionals. The university does not only develop the cognitive skills of its students, it even participates in physical development of its students. Due to their educational and athletic offerings I am persuaded to be a part of SIU and look forwar d towards the accomplishment of my